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Nodejs学习笔记(十一)--- 数据采集器示例(request和cheerio)

发表于2015-07-30 15:27:22| --次阅读| 来源webkfa| 作者js,javascript

摘要:

目录

写在之前

  很多人都有做数据采集的需求,用不同的语言,不同的方式都能实现,我以前也用C#写过,主要还是发送各类请求和正则解析数据比较繁琐些,总体来说没啥不好的,就是效率要差一些,

  用nodejs写采集程序还是比较有效率(可能也只是相对C#来说),今天主要用一个示例来说一下使用nodejs实现数据采集器,主要使用到request和cheerio。

 

  request :用于http请求

  https://github.com/request/request

  cheerio:用于提取request返回的html中需要的信息(和jquery用法一致)

  https://github.com/cheeriojs/cheerio

 

示例

  单独去说API用法没什么意思也没必要记住全部API,下面开始示例

 

  还是说点闲话:

  nodejs开发工具还是很多,以前我也很推荐sublime,自从微软推出了Visual Studio Code后就转用它去做nodejs开发。

  用它开发还是比较舒服的,免配置、启动快、自动补全、查看定义和引用、搜索快等,有VS的一贯风格,应该会越做越好,所以推荐一下^_^!

 

  示例要求

  从 http://36kr.com/ 中抓取其中文章的“标题”、“地址”、“发布时间”、“封面图片”

 

  采集器

  1.建立项目文件夹sampleDAU

  2.建立package.json文件 

{
  "name": "Wilson_SampleDAU",
  "version": "0.0.1",
  "private": false,
  "dependencies": {
    "request":"*",
    "cheerio":"*"   
  }
}

  3.在终端中用npm安装引用      

cd 项目根目录
npm install

  4.建立app.js编写采集器代码

  首先要用浏览器打开要采集的URL,使用开发者工具查看HTML结构,然后根据结构写解析代码

/*
* 功能:   数据采集
* 创建人: Wilson
* 时间:   2015-07-29
*/
var request = require('request'),
    cheerio = require('cheerio'), 
    URL_36KR = 'http://36kr.com/';            //36氪 

/* 开启数据采集器 */
 function dataCollectorStartup() {         
     dataRequest(URL_36KR);
 }

/* 数据请求 */
function dataRequest(dataUrl)
{
    request({
        url: dataUrl,    
        method: 'GET'
    }, function(err, res, body) { 
        if (err) {            
            console.log(dataUrl)
            console.error('[ERROR]Collection' + err);        
            return;            
        }

        switch(dataUrl)
        {
            case URL_36KR:

                dataParse36Kr(body);

                break;        
        }

        
    });    
}

/* 36kr 数据解析 */
function dataParse36Kr(body)
{
    console.log('============================================================================================');
    console.log('======================================36kr==================================================');
    console.log('============================================================================================');    

    var $ = cheerio.load(body);
        
    var articles = $('article')

    for (var i = 0; i < articles.length; i++) {
        var article = articles[i];
        var descDoms = $(article).find('.desc');

        if(descDoms.length == 0)
        {
            continue;
        }
        
        var coverDom = $(article).children().first();
        var titleDom = $(descDoms).find('.info_flow_news_title');
        var timeDom = $(descDoms).find('.timeago');

        var titleVal =  titleDom.text();
        var urlVal = titleDom.attr('href');
        var timeVal = timeDom.attr('title');
        var coverUrl = coverDom.attr('data-lazyload');

        //处理时间
        var timeDateSecs = new Date(timeVal).getTime() / 1000;

        if(urlVal != undefined)
        {
             console.info('--------------------------------');
             console.info('标题:' + titleVal);
             console.info('地址:' + urlVal);
             console.info('时间:' + timeDateSecs);
             console.info('封面:' + coverUrl);                
             console.info('--------------------------------');
        }
    };
}

dataCollectorStartup();

  测试结果

 

  

  这个采集器就完成了,其实就是request一个get请求,请求回调中会返回body即HTML代码,通过cheerio库以jquery库语法一样操作解析,取出想要的数据! 

     

加入代理

  做一个采集器DEMO上面就基本完成了。如果需要长期使用为了防止网站屏蔽,还是需要加入一个代理列表

  为示例我从网上的免费代理中提出一些做示例,制作成proxylist.js,其中提供一个随机取一条代理的函数

var PROXY_LIST = [{"ip":"111.1.55.136","port":"55336"},{"ip":"111.1.54.91","port":"55336"},{"ip":"111.1.56.19","port":"55336"}
                    ,{"ip":"112.114.63.16","port":"55336"},{"ip":"106.58.63.83","port":"55336"},{"ip":"119.188.133.54","port":"55336"}
                    ,{"ip":"106.58.63.84","port":"55336"},{"ip":"183.95.132.171","port":"55336"},{"ip":"11.12.14.9","port":"55336"}
                    ,{"ip":"60.164.223.16","port":"55336"},{"ip":"117.185.13.87","port":"8080"},{"ip":"112.114.63.20","port":"55336"}
                    ,{"ip":"188.134.19.102","port":"3129"},{"ip":"106.58.63.80","port":"55336"},{"ip":"60.164.223.20","port":"55336"}
                    ,{"ip":"106.58.63.78","port":"55336"},{"ip":"112.114.63.23","port":"55336"},{"ip":"112.114.63.30","port":"55336"}
                    ,{"ip":"60.164.223.14","port":"55336"},{"ip":"190.202.82.234","port":"3128"},{"ip":"60.164.223.15","port":"55336"}
                    ,{"ip":"60.164.223.5","port":"55336"},{"ip":"221.204.9.28","port":"55336"},{"ip":"60.164.223.2","port":"55336"}
                    ,{"ip":"139.214.113.84","port":"55336"} ,{"ip":"112.25.49.14","port":"55336"},{"ip":"221.204.9.19","port":"55336"}
                    ,{"ip":"221.204.9.39","port":"55336"},{"ip":"113.207.57.18","port":"55336"} ,{"ip":"112.25.62.15","port":"55336"}
                    ,{"ip":"60.5.255.143","port":"55336"},{"ip":"221.204.9.18","port":"55336"},{"ip":"60.5.255.145","port":"55336"}
                    ,{"ip":"221.204.9.16","port":"55336"},{"ip":"183.232.82.132","port":"55336"},{"ip":"113.207.62.78","port":"55336"}
                    ,{"ip":"60.5.255.144","port":"55336"} ,{"ip":"60.5.255.141","port":"55336"},{"ip":"221.204.9.23","port":"55336"}
                    ,{"ip":"157.122.96.50","port":"55336"},{"ip":"218.61.39.41","port":"55336"} ,{"ip":"221.204.9.26","port":"55336"}
                    ,{"ip":"112.112.43.213","port":"55336"},{"ip":"60.5.255.138","port":"55336"},{"ip":"60.5.255.133","port":"55336"} 
                    ,{"ip":"221.204.9.25","port":"55336"},{"ip":"111.161.35.56","port":"55336"},{"ip":"111.161.35.49","port":"55336"}
                    ,{"ip":"183.129.134.226","port":"8080"} ,{"ip":"58.220.10.86","port":"80"},{"ip":"183.87.117.44","port":"80"}
                    ,{"ip":"211.23.19.130","port":"80"},{"ip":"61.234.249.107","port":"8118"},{"ip":"200.20.168.140","port":"80"}
                    ,{"ip":"111.1.46.176","port":"55336"},{"ip":"120.203.158.149","port":"8118"},{"ip":"70.39.189.6","port":"9090"} 
                    ,{"ip":"210.6.237.191","port":"3128"},{"ip":"122.155.195.26","port":"8080"}];
        

module.exports.GetProxy = function () {
        
    var randomNum = parseInt(Math.floor(Math.random() * PROXY_LIST.length));    
    var proxy = PROXY_LIST[randomNum];

    return 'http://' + proxy.ip + ':' + proxy.port;
}
proxylist.js

  对app.js代码做如下修改

/*
* 功能:   数据采集
* 创建人: Wilson
* 时间:   2015-07-29
*/
var request = require('request'),
    cheerio = require('cheerio'), 
    URL_36KR = 'http://36kr.com/',            //36氪
    Proxy = require('./proxylist.js'); 

...

/* 数据请求 */
function dataRequest(dataUrl)
{
    request({
        url: dataUrl,    
        proxy: Proxy.GetProxy(),
        method: 'GET'
    }, function(err, res, body) { 
...
        }

}

...

dataCollectorStartup() setInterval(dataCollectorStartup, 10000);

 

  这样就改造完成,加入代码,并且加了setInterval进行定间隔执行!

 

请求https

  上面示例中采集http请求,如果换成https呢?

  新建app2.js,代码如下

/*
* 功能:   请求HTTPS
* 创建人: Wilson
* 时间:   2015-07-29
*/
var request = require('request'),   
    URL_INTERFACELIFE = 'https://interfacelift.com/wallpaper/downloads/date/wide_16:10/';

/* 开启数据采集器 */
 function dataCollectorStartup() {         
     dataRequest(URL_INTERFACELIFE);
 }

/* 数据请求 */
function dataRequest(dataUrl)
{
    request({
        url: dataUrl,    
        method: 'GET'
    }, function(err, res, body) { 
        if (err) {            
            console.log(dataUrl)
            console.error('[ERROR]Collection' + err);        
            return;            
        }    

        console.info(body);
        
    });    
}

dataCollectorStartup();

  执行会发现返回body中什么也没有^_^!

   

  加入一些代码再看看

/*
* 功能:   请求HTTPS
* 创建人: Wilson
* 时间:   2015-07-29
*/
var request = require('request'),   
    URL_INTERFACELIFE = 'https://interfacelift.com/wallpaper/downloads/date/wide_16:10/';

/* 开启数据采集器 */

...

/* 数据请求 */
function dataRequest(dataUrl)
{
    request({
        url: dataUrl,    
        method: 'GET',
        headers: { 'User-Agent': 'wilson' }
    }, function(err, res, body) { 
        if (err) {            
            console.log(dataUrl)
            console.error('[ERROR]Collection' + err);        
            return;            
        }    

        console.info(body);
        
    });    
}

...

  再执行,你会发现body中返回请求的HTML!(结果就不放上来了,自已执行一下!)

  详细的请看:https://github.com/request/request#custom-http-headers  

 

写在之后

  离上一篇快半年了^_^! 最近有计划写几篇操作类型的,不讲原理也不通讲API,只讲实例!

 

  request库我还是推荐API可以多看看,比如Forms部分我就在实际项目测试中用的比较多!

  比如做接口测试:

  1.提交两个参数(参数1:字符串  参数2:数字)

request.post({url:'接口URL',form: {参数一名称:'参数一值',参数二名称:参数二值},function(err,res,body){ 
            
            if(err)
            {
                return;
            }
            console.log(body);
    });

  body就是接口返回

  2.提交一个字符串参数,提交一个文件参数(比如上传头像等)

var r = request.post('接口URL',function(err,res,body){             
            if(err)
            {
                return;
            }
            console.log(body);
    });    
    var form = r.form();
    form.append('参数一名称', '参数一值');
    form.append('参数二名称', fs.createReadStream('1.jpg'), {filename: '1.jpg'});

  cheerio库真没什么好讲的,会jquery就行,它库的api基本都不用看!

 

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